林芝地区珍稀濒危藏药植物资源调查与评价

Investigation and Evaluation of the Rare and Endangered Tibetan Medicinal Plants in the Linzhi Region

对西藏林芝地区珍稀濒危藏药植物资源调查分析表明,该区共有35种珍稀濒危藏药材植物,隶属23科33属,占整个西藏高原种类的比例较大,是西藏高原珍稀濒危藏药材植物资源分布的一个缩影。除鸡蛋参、喜马拉雅紫茉莉、卷叶黄精、羊齿天门冬、翼首草、螃蟹甲、窄竹叶柴胡外,其他药材植物地上部分的含水率均大于地下部分的含水率。平均单株生物量方面,暗红小檗最大、为1800g,最小是卷叶黄精、为0.699g。地上部分生物量与地下部分生物量的比值方面,波棱瓜最大、比值为14,最小的是羊齿天门冬、比值仅为0.189。调查分析亦表明,林芝地区珍稀濒危藏药材植物资源储量为3199.29t,单位面积药材植物生物量与海拔关系密切,该区珍稀藏药材植物种类多、生境复杂,分布广、但分布不均,储备量大、经济价值高。建议处理好资源保护与经营发展的关系,建立药用植物生态产业的保护区,加强科学研究、建立种植园,改进药材植物濒危等级的确定。研究和分析结果为该区珍稀藏药材植物资源持续利用提供了理论依据。

Tibetan medicinal industry is one of six major pillar industries in Tibet autonomous region. The rare and endangered plants are increasingly and widely used in Tibetan medicinal industry; however, there has been lack of a clear understanding of these resources and their reasonable applications. In this study, the rare and endangered Tibetan medicinal plants distributed in the Linzhi region of Tibet were analyzed by the plot-quadrat method, walking and inquiry ways. In the investigation, 153 sample plots （30m×30m） and 1,377 quadrats （2m×2m） were set up in 51 typical sites, covering a total plot area of 137,700 m^2. Results show that there were 35 species of rare and endangered plants, pertaining to 23 families and 33 genera in the Linzhi region. The ratio of species was high, and it was an epitome of plants distribution in Tibet. The moisture content of aerial part was higher than that of underground part in many plants except for Codonopsis convolvulacea, Mirabilis himalaica, Polygonatum cirrhifolium, Asparagus filicinus, Pterocephalus hooked, Phlomis younghusbandii and Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum. The mean biomass of Berberis Agricola was highest （1,800 g） and the lowest one was only 0.699 g for Polygonatum cirrhifolium. The biomass of aerial part was 14 times that of underground part for Herpetospermum pedunculosum, the ratio was the maximum, and the minimum ratio of them was 0.189 for Asparagus filicinus. Variations in biomass of aerial part, underground part, and the whole plant were similar for Polygonatum cirrhifolium, Halenia elliptica, Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum and Veronica L. in the same latitude, but changes in the biomass showed different features, determined by plant height and density. The resources reserves of the rare and endangered plants were estimated to be 3,199.29 t in the Linzhi region. The biomass in unit area was closely related to altitude. Rare and endangered plants showed characteristics of abundant species and complex habitats, wide and uneven distribution, rich reserves and high economic value. Some suggestions are given as follows, e.g., dealing well with the relationship between resource protection and development, building ecological industry reserve on medical plant, strengthening scientific research on these plants and building the plantation, and determining the endangered level of medical plant. These results provide a theoretical basis for management and sustainable utilization of rare and endangered plants over the Linzhi region.