3Newmark,Peter. A Textbook of Translation[M]. London, Pren- tice Hall International Ltd. , 1988.
4Nord,Christiane. Translating as a Purposeful Activity: Function- alist Approaches Explained[M]. Manchester: St. Jerome Publish- ing,1997.
5Nida,Eugene A. A Framework for the Analysis and Evaluation of Theories of Translation[A]. Richard W. Brislin. Translation. Ap- plication and Research[C]. New York.. Gardner Press, 1976.
6Catford,J. C. A Linguistic Theory of Translation[M]. London: Oxford University Press, 1965.
7Nida, Eugene A., Charles Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation[M]. Leiden:Brill, 1969.
