缓释氮肥施用量对超级杂交早稻株两优02产量和生理特性的影响

Effects of Application Amount of Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Physiological Characteristics and Grain Yield of Early Super Hybrid Rice Zhuliangyou 02

在常规栽培和优化栽培模式下,分别设置施氮量折合成纯氮0,105,142.5,180 kg/hm2的4个缓释氮肥用量处理,研究了缓释氮肥用量对超级杂交早稻株两优02产量和生理特性的影响。结果表明:在优化栽培模式下,各施氮量处理的产量均高于相应的常规栽培处理,其中纯氮用量142.5 kg/hm2的处理产量最高,而常规栽培各处理的产量则随施氮量的增加而提高;在优化栽培和常规栽培模式下,各时期叶片中的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性糖含量和根系活力均以施氮量180 kg/hm2的处理较高;施用纯氮142.5 kg/hm2的处理乳熟期—成熟期叶片中能保持较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和较低的丙二醛(MDA)含量,有利于延缓水稻功能叶片的衰老。

The effects of application amount of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer were studied on the physiological characteristics and grain yield of Zhuliangyou 02, a widely-used early-cropping super hybrid rice variety. The research was conducted with two cultivation modes, i. e. , the optimized and conventional modes, and four nitrogen application levels of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer at the pure N rates of 0 （N0）, 105 （N1）, 142.5 （N2） and 180 kg/hm2（ N3）, respectively. The results showed that the grain yields of all N rates under the optimized cultivation mode were higher than those of the conventional cultivation mode, with the rate of 142.5 kg/hm2 （N2） yielding highest at 8.05 t/hm2. However, under the conventional cultivation mode, the grain yields of different treatments increased with the N rates applied. Under both optimized and conventional cultivation modes, the treatment of N3 with the N rate of 180 kg/hm2 had highest CAT activity, soluble sugar content and root activity in the whole growing period from full tillering to ripening stages among all treatments of nitrogen application levels. Moreover, the treat- ment of N2 （ 142.5 kg/hm2 ） maintained a higher SOD activity and a lower MDA content in leaves from milky ripe to ripening stage, favorable for delaying senescence of functional leaves in the late growth stage.