语言的模糊性与幽默

Language Fuzziness and Humor

语言的模糊性是幽默产生的前提。概念模糊(包括一词多义和一音多义)是幽默运作的机制之一。幽默至少含有两层意义,一是听者的期待,二是听者没有预期、或期待落空。幽默的语言模式包括准备、乖讹或不和谐和消解三个阶段。幽默的人际角色包括说话者,听话者,嘲笑者和被嘲笑者,但并非一一对应。幽默是发起人或说话者在面临某种"威胁"(包括面子或情感不快)时,攻击或毁谤他人,反败为胜,变弱势为优势,或自嘲以缓解威胁,并给被嘲笑者保留一定面子的策略。

Language fuzziness is the presupposition where humors occur. The fuzziness of concepts （including polysemous and homonymic words） is one of the mechanisms of humor operating. A humor includes two shades of meanings： one is the expected meaning for the hearers;another is the unexpected make-the-expectation-come-to-nothing meaning, and three steps： preparation - discordance - cleating- up. The roles of a humor includes： speaker, hearer, laugher, and laughee. Humor is one of the strategies the humor-maker or speaker uses to laugh at or attack or slander others by producing a humorous witty remark before facing some threat （including face-threat and dispareunia, and becoming the winner from an disadvantageous position or laugh at himself and save the laughee＇ s face in some way.