足球运动员在急停起跳和侧切动作中前交叉韧带损伤的生物力学特征研究

Biomechanics of Lower Extremity of Football Players during Stop Jumping and Cutting Movement Related to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

目的:确定大学生男、女足球运动员在急停起跳和侧切动作中下肢动作的运动学和动力学特点和性别差异,确定有无足球训练对急停起跳和侧切动作中的下肢运动学和动力学的影响。研究方法:对定期参加足球训练的大学生和无训练背景的普通大学生完成急停起跳和侧切动作时的下肢运动学和动力学特征进行采集与分析。结果与结论:多个与ACL负荷有关的生物力学指标在性别间、动作间和群体间存在差异。女子足球运动员完成侧切和急停起跳动作时的膝关节屈角较小,足底压力中心更靠近脚尖。足球运动员在完成侧切跑时受到了更大的地面反作用力和膝关节力矩影响。结果说明,不良的落地技术是使女性运动员ACL损伤高发的原因,而足球运动员所受外力较大可能是其ACL损伤率高于非运动员群体的主要原因。

Objective： The purposes of this study were to identify the differences in kinematics and kinetics of lower extremity of football male and female players between cutting and stop jump tasks, and between genders. In addition, the influences of football training on kinematics and kinetics of lower extremity in the two athletic tasks were evaluated. Method：College students regularly participating in football training and no training background of the general college students are recruited into study. Their biomechanical data of lower extremity during stop jumping and cutting movement were collected and analyzed. Results and conclusion ： Signif icant differences were found in kinematic and kinetic between genders, tasks, and populations. Compared to male football players, female football players had significantly smaller knee flexion angle and shorter distance between center of pressure and ankle joint center. Football players had significantly higher ground reaction forces and knee moment in the cutting task than in the stop jump task. These results indicate that poor landing techniques may be responsible to the elevated risk for ACL injury in female football players in comparison to their male counterpart, and that increased ground reaction forces due to increased movement speed may be responsible for the elevated risk for ACL injury in football players in comparison to ordinary populations.