故地求存:太平洋战争期间福建的返乡难侨

Survival on the Native Land:Refugee Returnees of Fujian Origin during the Pacific War

本文从太平洋战争爆发后福建返乡难侨的经历入手,展示他们在战时故土的政治荣誉与生存挣扎,探讨世界大战与国际移民的关系、海外移民经验的价值、太平洋战争期间华侨与中国的关系和该时期侨务政策的特点。战争改变了移民的生存状态,迫使他们回归故土。虽然政府对难侨施予救济和保护,但是难侨需要依靠自己的力量和经验生存,他们在海外生产经营的经验发挥了重要作用。在此过程中,难侨更深地了解中国当时的状况,中国观随之改变,对祖国政治腐败等的失望和生存的需要,使他们对国民政府不再存有幻想,并在二战后再次出国。由于太平洋战争的爆发和由此产生的与南洋的地理隔绝,此时期侨务政策集中于国内侨务,重点是救济、保护归侨,这与以往侨务政策的重点在海外华侨大为不同。

Based on the experience of refugee returnees of Fujian origin after the breakoutof the Pacific War, this paper describes their political honor and surviving struggle on the war - time native land, and examines the relationship between world wars and international migration, the value of migrant experience, the relationship between overseas Chinese and China during the Pacific War, and the characteristics of overseas Chinese affairs at that time. The Pacific War forced overseas Chinese in the Southeast Asia back to their native land. Despite relief efforts and protections from the KMT government, the refugee returnees had to rely on themselves and their overseas experience of production and management to survive. Meanwhile, the refugee returnees gained a deeper understanding of the situation in China, and dropped their expectation on the KMT government due to their disappointment over political corruption and immediate need to survive. They emigrated again after the WWll. As the Southeast Asia was isolated from China during the Pacific War, the overseas Chinese affairs focused on refugee returnees with relief efforts and protections, rather than the overseas Chinese.