苏联共产党为什么会垮台?——文化的分析

Why Did the Soviet Communist Party Collapse: An Analysis by Cultures

苏联解体缘于苏联共产党垮台,而苏共垮台除了具体制度、政策及领导者错误等原因外,更深刻的成因在于文化制约,即长期以来没有能够摆脱"官僚的或农奴制等等的"文化传统对于执政的深刻影响与控制①。长期以来,旧文化对于苏共执政的制约分别表现于指导思想或执政理念,基本制度与体制、政策以及领导集团个人的行为、作风等方面。肯定文化制约作用并不等于赞成文化宿命的观点;而导致苏共最终未能克服文化制约的根本原因,是在文化的改造与建设方面存在巨大缺陷。

The collapse of Soviet Communist Party led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Apart from the factors of the concrete system, policies and the individual roles, the more important factor that led to the collapse of the Soviet Communist Party was the cultural restriction. For a long time, the Soviet Communist Party couldnt get rid of the deep influence and control on the ruling Party from the old cultural traditions. The cultural restrictions on the ruling Soviet Party lie in the guiding ideology , the ruling concept, the basic system or structural reforms, policies and individual behavior and style etc. Recognizing the role of cultural restrictions doesnt mean approving the cultural fatalism. The fundamental cause which eventually led to Soviet Communist Party＇s failure to overcome the cultural restriction lies in the huge defects in the culture renovation and establishment.