维吾尔族大学生的语言态度调查与分析——以新疆师范大学民考民维吾尔族大学生为例

Urvey in Language-learning Manner of Uygur College Students with Ethnic——Language Education Background from Southern Xinjiang in Xinjiang Normal University

文章以新疆师范大学南疆民考民维吾尔族为例,通过问卷调查了在乌鲁木齐高校就读的维吾尔族大学生对母语、汉语的态度以及在交际情景中的语言选择和语码转换态度。结果分析表明:第一,他们具有更为强烈的民族意识,对本民族的语言和文化有意识地去努力维护。对本民族语言是有很深的感情,努力传承和维护自己的母语。第二,他们在对待汉语的态度上理性因素大于情感因素。一方面他们想保持母语的纯洁性,对汉语有明显的疏离感;另一方面,他们对汉语的社会地位以及汉语对其民族进步和个人的发展的功能作用有理性的认识。第三,在家庭中主要使用维吾尔语,很少使用汉语,在家庭以外的交往中依然主要使用维吾尔语。他们学习和生活在以汉族人口居多的乌鲁木齐,使用汉语的人数比在家里说汉语的人数多。但研究表明他们对汉语的态度更加谨慎保守。最后为新疆双语教育以及高校加强对维吾尔族大学生文化适应与民族认同的教育引导工作提供了一些建议和措施,希望能对解决新疆双语教育的具体问题以及正确处理民族关系的研究提供一些参考依据。

The essay, citing the Uygur students taught in ethnic language from south Xinjiang in Xinjiang Normal University, makes a survey of attitude held by Uygur students about their mother tongue and Chinese as well as language choice and code-switch in commu- nicative situation. The main findings indicate that： first, they have stronger sense of national identity and awareness to strive for protection of their ethnic language and culture; second, their attitude about Chinese is more rational than emotional; on the one hand, they want to keep purity of their mother tongue and have obvious alienation from Chinese. On other hand, they have rational idea about the social sta- tus of Chinese and its role in individual development and national progress; third, they mainly use Uygur language at home, even in com- munication beyond home and seldom Chinese. The students who learn and live speaking Chinese in Urumqi mainly inhabited by Han Chinese outnumber those who speak Chinese at home. However, the findings show that their attitude about Chinese is more cautious and conservative. The essay offers some suggestions and measures about Xinjiang＇s bilingual teaching and greater effort to enhance their cul- tural adaptation and Chinese national identification so as to clear the barrier in Chinese -language identification to hope for solution to concrete problems in Xinjiang＇s bilingual teaching and some references for the research in correct treatment of ethnic relation.