纳米材料在植物细胞生物学研究中的应用

Applications of nanomaterials in plant cell biology researches

纳米材料已广泛应用于药物载体、生物传感器、成像技术以及基因治疗等研究,相对于动物细胞而言,纳米材料在植物细胞生物学中的应用相对滞后,目前主要集中在量子点探针标记技术和纳米基因载体介导外源基因遗传转化两方面。据此,笔者主要介绍了近年来的量子点合成及功能化等方面的进展,特别对于在植物细胞成像中应用进行了评述。另外还介绍了纳米基因载体的种类和特征,以及在植物完整细胞或原生质体中介导外源基因遗传转化等方面的研究进展。笔者认为已有的纳米材料存在粒径过大或自身的细胞毒性过大,限制了其在植物细胞生物学中的进一步应用,所以针对植物细胞自身特征,设计合成新型的纳米材料将是未来研究的焦点。

Nanomaterials have been widely applied on targeting medical treatments,animal cell imaging or transgenic research.Transformation of molecules into plant cells is more complicated due to its cell wall,an extra barrier to the cell membrane.Recently,applications of nanomaterials on plant cell have been focused on cellular imaging and transgenic researches.Herein,we mainly introduced the approaches of the synthesis and functionalization of quantum dots,and their recent applications on plant cell biology.In addition,we also reviewed the category,characteristics and of gene nano-carriers,and their applications on plant transgenic researches including walled cells and protoplast cells.The disadvantages of existing gene nano-carriers were large size and cytotoxicity,which could inhibit their further applications on plant cell biology.Therefore,the design and synthesis of novel nanomaterials for plant cells would be important in future.