鵰鸮、纵纹腹小鸮和红隼视器的比较形态学研究

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON MORPHOLOGY OF OPTIC ORGANS IN BUBO BUBO, ATHENE NOCTUA AND FALCO TINNUNCULUS

为了探讨猛禽视器结构与生活习性的关系，用光镜和扫描电镜观察、测量并统计了、纵纹腹小和红隼视网膜各层的厚度，三个核层的胞核层数和视细胞密度。视网膜外核层、内核层和节细胞层胞核的平均层数在依次为2．6、76和0．4层；在小为3.0、11．4和1.g层；红隼为1．6、14．6和1．7层。视网膜中央区视雄细胞密度（X±SD）在为190117±27304个／mm2，小为202122±49542个／mm2，红隼为234039±44916个／mm2。视网膜周围区视杆细胞的密度在为190422±26595个／mm2，小为1658O0±26408个／mm2，红隼为178015±40165个／mm2。红隼视网膜周围区还有规锥细胞分布，其密度为22082±9864个／mm2。结果表明，视器的结构为夜行性特征，而小有趋于晨昏活动的特点，红隼为典型的昼行性视觉特征。3种猛禽栖息于同一生态环境内，视器的结构差异显示出其时间活动格局上的差异。

To clarify the relationship between the structure of retlna and the living hablts in birds, the thickness of each retina layer, the number of nucleus layers and the photoreceptor density of retina were observed by LM and SEM in three species of predators,Bubo bubo, Athene noctua and Falco tinnunculus. The number of nucleus layers, in the order of outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer are 2. 6, 7. 6 and 0. 4 in B. bubo; 3. 0, 11. 4 and 1. 9 in A. noctua; and 1. 6, 14. 6 and 1. 7 in F. tinnunculus respectively. The cone density (X±SD) in central area of retina is 19O 117±27 304/mm2 in B. bubo; 202 122±49 542/mm2 in A. noctua and 234 039±44 916/mm2 in F. tinnunculus. The rod density in peripheral area of retina is 190 422±26 595/mm2 in B.bubo; 165 800±26 408/mm2 in A. noctua and 178 015±40 165/mm2 in F. tinnunculus. In F. tinnunculus, there are cones distributed in peripheral retinal area. The density of which is 22 082±9 864/mm2. These results show that the nocturnal structure of optic organs in two species of owls and the typical diurnal characteristics of optic organ in F.tinnunculus. The diurnal characteristics of retina in A. noctua is also revealed, which corresponds to the habit of crepuscular activity of this bird. The results suggest that the structure and function of optic organs in these three species of predators are well adapted to their time patterns of activity.