四川不同海拔豆地生态及大豆生长发育变化研究

STUDY ON SOYBEAN GROWTH AT DIFFERENT WITH VARIED ELEVATIONS ECOLOGICAL CIRCUMSTANCES IN SICHUAN

对φ（Ｎ）３２°１４′～３２°５６′，λ（Ｅ）１０４°３６′～１０４°５１′范围内海拔（ｈａｌｔ）４００ ～１ ４００ ｍ 豆地小气候观测结果表明：ｈａｌｔ每升高１００ ｍ ，平均气温递减０．７２ ℃；年降雨量递增６３．０ ｍｍ（４００～６００ ｍ） ～１０６．８ ｍｍ（８００ ～１ ４００ ｍ）；相对湿度递增１％ ；日照时数呈抛物线上升变化． ｈａｌｔ４００ ｍ 日均温稳定通过１２．０ ℃的初期为３ 月中旬，ｈａｌｔ每升高１００ ｍ ，该时间延迟５～７ ｄ． 不同ｈａｌｔ＞１２℃的有效积温分别为３６２１．２ ℃（４００ ｍ）；３ ２４５ ．０ ℃（６００ ｍ）；３ １４９．９ ℃（８００ ｍ） ；２ ８０４ ．８ ℃（１ ０００ ｍ） ；２０８２．１ ℃（１２００ ｍ）；１ ９５０．１ ℃（１ ４００ ｍ） ． 在相对较高的海拔，存在明显的逆温和南北坡效应，相应存在大豆局部高产区． 不同海拔豆地生态及大豆生长发育变化研究结果可为四川不同海拔区大豆品种合理布局和应用高产优质栽培技术提供了理论依据．

The ecological circumstances of soybean fields are greatly varied at different altitudes. The microclimate for soybean fields between 400～1 400 m above sea level was observed as follows in φ (N)32°14′～32°56′, λ (E)104°36′～104°51′: As altitude rises per 100 m,mean air femperature decreases by 0.72 ℃,relative humidity increases progressively by 1%,and annual precipitation increases by 63.0 mm (between 400～600 m) and 106.8 mm (800～1400 m), respectively. Sunny hours tend to be changed in parabola. The middle March is the initial period in which daily mean air temperature rises steadly over 12 ℃ at 400 m and the period is delayed for about 5～10 d as the altitude rises per 100 m. Effective accumulated temperature in the fields above 12 ℃ at different altitudes was 3 621.2 ℃(400 m),3 245.0 ℃(600 m),3 149.9 ℃(800 m), 2 804.8 ℃(1 000 m),2 082.1 ℃(1 200 m) and 1 950.1℃(1 400 m),respectively. Owing to the apparent effects of inversion and south north facing slopes,soybean fields with high yield are found in some regions. This study provides the scientific basis for the layout and cultivation of soybean in various regions at different altitudes in Sichuan.