高等教育工学不“工”问题与改革实践

"Non-engineering" Problem in Higher Education of Engineering and Reform Practice

本文从工学教育的教育机制和课程特点、师资、学生、教材等宏微观层面,分析了我国高等工学教育普遍缺乏实践性的现状、成因,指出:高等工学教育仍处于计划经济教育体制和模式,缺乏面向工程的办学理念、动力以及评价、保障机制,工学教师缺乏足够的工程素养,教材工程性不强,工学教育机制不合理及工程的艰巨性,导致工学不"工";介绍了安阳工学院机械工程学科的教育改革实践:建设产学研结合的现代工学教育机制体系,强化工程实践,提升教师的工程素养,实施现场和动态仿真工程教学,工程问题课堂化,培养面向社会、服务工程的实践人才。

This paper discusses the situation and causes of generally lacking practical of higher engineering education in China from a macro-micro level of its education mechanisms and curriculum features, teachers, students, teaching materials. Analysis results indicate that ＂non-engineering＂ results from that higher engineering education is still in planning economic system and mode, lacks educational idea and power for engineering, and assessment, protection mechanisms; engineering teachers have no enough engineering literacy; teaching materials have no strong engineering properties; arduousness of engineering is another cause. It is introduced engineering education reform practice of mechanical engineering disciplines in Anyang institute of technology. It is to develop modern engineering education systems of combination of industry, teaching and research facing to society and engineering, to carry out field and dynamic simulation engineering teaching to translate engineering problems into class subjects, to cultivate practical talents facing to society and engineering finally.