SiO_2气凝胶增强增韧方法研究进展

Methods for Improving Strength and Toughness of Silica Aerogel

SiO2气凝胶的轻质纳米多孔网络结构使其在热学、声学、光学及电学等领域具有广阔的应用前景,但强度低和韧性差的缺点很大程度上限制了其应用发展。分析了SiO2气凝胶的主要力学性能指标和提高其强度的两种途径(控制制备工艺参数与材料复合法),讨论了这两种增强途径的最新研究进展。通过控制制备工艺参数获得结构均匀的SiO2气凝胶,并采用材料复合技术进一步提高SiO2气凝胶的强韧性能,可望获得结构稳定并具有良好强韧性的SiO2气凝胶材料。

With the lightweight nanoporous network structure, silica aerogels have broad application prospects in thermal, acoustic, optical and electrical fields etc. , but the lower strength and poorer toughness restrict its applica- tion and development to a great extent. The main mechanical properties index and two main methods of strengthening （control preparation technique parameters and material compound method） are analyzed, and the research progress of the two methods is discussed. Obtained uniformity silica aerogel by controlling preparation technique parameters, and strengthened silica aerogel further via material compound teehniques, expected to obtain silica aerogel with stable structure and strength.