河南省人口年龄结构的空间差异及影响

Spatial Difference and Impact of Population Age Structure in Henan Province

人口年龄结构是人口多年自然增长和迁移变动综合作用的结果,又是今后人口再生产变动的基础和起点,其空间意义在于它反映了不同区域流动人口的规模、流向、就业机会差异、发展程度的高低。以第六次全国人口普查数据为基础,针对目前河南省城乡和区域人口年龄结构的差异现象进行了分析,发现河南省城乡和区域人口年龄结构差异都有扩大的趋势,乡村和经济发展相对滞后区域的人口老龄化程度要高于中心城市,形成了局部的人口高赡养负担区和人口红利区。而如何有效地利用这种局部空间的人口红利强化期,同时尽量减少高赡养负担空间范围、降低负担强度,是未来区域发展中面临的一个重要问题。

As a combined result of natural growth and migration of population in many years, population age structure is the foundation and starting point of the changes for the future population reproduction. The spatial meaning is that it reflects the floating population size, flow direction, differences in employment opportunities and the degree of development in different regions. In this paper, differences of the current population age structure between urban and rural areas of Henan Province is analyzed based on the sixth national census data to find that the differences of population age structure in Henan urban and rural areas has a tendency to expand. The population aging of rural areas and economic development lagging behind other regions is more serious than central cities, the high population support burden areas and the demographic dividend district were formed. Thus, there exists a significant problem facing the future regional development that how to use this demographic dividend strengthening stage of local space effectively and how to minimize the spatial extent and intensity of the high population support burden at the same time.