2004—2005年广东省妇女乳腺癌和宫颈癌患者死亡分析

Analysis of deaths of female breast cancer and cervical cancer in Guangdong Province,2004—2005

目的分析广东省第3次死因回顾性调查样本中妇女乳腺癌和宫颈癌患者死亡流行特征,为制定降低两癌死亡的策略提供科学依据。方法收集广东省第3次死因回顾性抽样调查数据,采用描述性流行病学分析方法对乳腺癌、宫颈癌死亡率、死亡构成等指标进行分析。结果本次调查样本中女性7 457 302人,其中城市2 220 483人,农村5 236 819人。乳腺癌死亡率为5.5/10万,标化率为5.3/10万,城市标化死亡率(5.9/10万)高于农村(5.0/10万)(P<0.01);城市女性乳腺癌死亡率随着年龄的增加而升高,以≥85岁年龄组最高(50.1/10万)(P<0.01);农村女性乳腺癌死亡率则以45～54岁年龄组最高(16.7/10万)(P<0.01)。宫颈癌死亡率为3.2/10万,标化率为2.9/10万,城市标化死亡率(2.3/10万)低于农村(3.3/10万)(P<0.05);城市女性宫颈癌死亡率以≥85岁年龄组最高(30.0/10万)(P<0.01),农村女性宫颈癌死亡率则是随着年龄的增加而升高(P<0.01)。结论在广东省妇女两癌死亡的防制中,女性乳腺癌以城市中青年为重点人群,宫颈癌以农村中青年为重点人群;建议加强妇女两癌防制的健康教育,针对重点人群开展大规模的肿瘤筛查,遏制其死亡率的增长。

Objective To describe the characteristics and distribution of deaths in female breast and cervical cancer in Guangdong Province, explore the high risk population, and provide a scientific basis for formulating strategies for reducing mortality of breast and cervical cancers. Methods A descriptive epidemiologie analysis was made on the data of female breast and cervical cancers, documented by the third time retrospective mortality survey in Guangdong Province. Results A total of 7 457 302 female cases were investigated, including 2 220 483 cases in urban area and 5 236 819 cases in rural area. The mortality rate and standardized mortality rate （SMR） of female breast cancer were 5.5/100 000 and 5.3/100 000, respectively. The SMR of female breast cancer （5.9/100 000） in urban area was higher than that （5.0/100 000） in rural area. In urban area, the mortality rate of female breast cancer increased by age growing, to the highest （50. 1/100 000） in ≥85 years age group （P 〈0. 01 ）. The highest breast cancer mortality was in 45 -54 age group in rural area （ 16. 7/100 000） （P 〈0. 01 ）. The mortality rate and SMR of cervical cancer were 3.2/100 000 and 2. 9/100 000, respectively. The SMR of cervical cancer in rural area （3.3/100 000） was higher than that in urban area （2. 3/100 000）. The mortality rate of cervical cancer was increased by age growing in rural area （P 〈 0. 01 ）. The highest mortality rate of cervical cancer was in ≥ 85 years age group in urban area （ 30. 0/100 000） （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Intensified prevention and control of the death of female breast cancer and cervical cancer is needed in Guangdong Province, particularly in the females aged 35 - 54 years in urban area for breast cancer and the females aged 35 -44 years in rural area for cervical cancer. It is recommended to strengthen the health education. Future research and the two cancer screening for the high risk population should be carried out to control female breast and cervical cancers.