动物胶制造业卫生防护距离标准探讨

Study on Health Protection Zone for Gelatin Manufacturing Industry

目的:探讨动物胶制造业的卫生防护距离标准,进一步为皮革、毛皮、羽毛(绒)及其制品业卫生防护距离国家标准修订提供参考,填补国内外在动物胶卫生防护标准方面的空白。方法:选择具有代表性的动物胶制造企业进行实地调查,确定其特征污染物,调查企业周边居民的健康状况,根据现场特征污染物的实测结果,按照《制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法》(GB/T13201-91)推荐的估算方法,对不同规模的动物胶制造企业的卫生防护距离进行估算,提出动物胶制造业卫生防护距离标准的建议值。结果:动物胶制造企业无组织排放的主要特征污染物为硫化氢,企业周边居民健康调查中发现,距离企业500m范围内,人群受到一定的影响,闻到臭味、头晕头痛和恶心、食欲不振的发生率有一定升高;结合恶臭嗅闻结果和现场实测,提出动物胶制造业卫生防护距离标准建议值为100-400m。结论:本研究通过实地监测、环境流行病学调查综合分析,初步提出了一个既符合我国国情,能够保护居民身体健康,又有利于动物胶制造企业发展的卫生防护距离标准。

Objective： To develop a health protection zone standard for gelatin manufacturing industry and provide reference for the revision of national standard for leather, fur, feathers（down） and their manufacturing industry in China. Methods： Through an on-site investigation on representative gelatin manufacturing industry to determine the characteristic pollutant, and a health survey on residents around, the sanitation protection distance of gelatin manufacturing was calculated according to the recommended estimation in（（Technical methods for making local emission standards of air pollutants-GB/T13201-91））. Resuits： The main fugitive emission pollutant was hydrogen sulphide for gelatin manufacturing industry in China. The epidemiological survey showed the health of residents within the radius of 500m was affected by the sulphide, which was evidenced by the increasing incidence of foul smelling, dizziness, headache, and inappetence. Combined with the results of odor sniffing and on-site measuring data, the estimated health protection distance from the factories was 100-400m. Conclusion： The health protection zone for gelatin manufacturing industry proposed in our investigation might have a good effect to protect the health of residents living around the gelatin manufacturing industry.