道德共识何以达成——哈贝马斯的商谈伦理及其现实道路

How moral consensus is reached:Habermas's discoursive ethics and its practical solutions

哈贝马斯对商谈伦理原则的践行即是如何达到商谈伦理的普遍化以及对现实道路的探索,以秉承启蒙理性的精神。交往理性的现实指向就是商谈伦理与普遍共识,使主体能在没有任何强制和任何约束的环境下进行诚实的交往与对话,以达至相互理解,这是哈贝马斯商谈伦理的宗旨。这种重构的商谈伦理学秉持着两个基本原则,即可普遍化原则和话语伦理学原则,通过商谈伦理所达成的道德共识中,交往理性实现了多元声音中的统一性,从而使道德乌托邦得以可能。

What Jürgen Habermas practiced is the exploration of the approaches to the realization of discoursive ethics,which is an adherence to the rational spirit of enlightenment.Discoursive ethics aims to achieve mutual understanding among subjects by sincere contact and communication in a context free of enforcement and restrictions.Such reconstructed notion follows two principles,namely the principles of generalization and communicative rationality.It is in the consensus reached by negotiation that communicative rationality and unity are realized and moral utopia becomes possible.