利用疏浚泥修复和重建滨海湿地案例分析及在我国的应用前景

Case studies for coastal ecological engineering using dredged marine sediments and potential application prospects in China

以美国加利福尼亚州的索诺玛海湾潮间带和马里兰州贝伊汉哲岛的湿地重建和生态修复工程为案例,介绍海洋疏浚泥在海岸生态工程中的国际研究前沿和工程运用实例。本文以上述典型的生态工程为例,结合我国海洋经济发展的现状和海岸滨海湿地面临的一系列挑战,分析疏浚泥在我国滨海湿地生态重建和生态修复等工程方面的应用前景,以期为缓解我国海洋经济发展和滨海湿地生态环境保护之间的矛盾提供技术借鉴和参考。我国利用海洋疏浚泥进行滨海湿地生态工程的主要潜力和优势为:(1)疏浚泥可用于海岸生态工程,保障港口经济的健康发展;(2)疏浚泥可用于河口湿地的生态保育,稳定侵蚀性海岸;(3)针对目前我国大量的围填海项目,可将人工岛填海工程与生态建设结合,发挥良好生态环境效益同时也作为未来海洋经济发展的后备土地资源;(4)疏浚泥用于退化海岸的生态修复,可提高滨海湿地生态环境质量。

This paper introduces two typical case studies on coastal ecological engineering using dredged marine sediments,which provide valuable references for the treatment of dredged marine sediments and restoration of the coastal wetlands in China.Based on the information derived from these case studies,taking the oceanic industry and the environmental challenges into account,this paper presents the following benefits and application prospects for the restoration of coastal wetlands using dredged marine sediments：（1） It can promote the sustainable and sound developments for port economy to utilize dredged marine sediments as the substrate for coastal ecological engineering;（2） marine dredged sediments might benefit ecological protection in estuarial wetlands and stabilization of the eroding coast;（3） ecological engineering should be covered when implementing the sea reclamation project,and dredged marine sediments could be utilized as material both for reclamation projects and ecological engineering;（4） dredged marine sediments could help to restore degraded coastal ecosystem,and improve the environmental level in coastal wetlands.