污染物海洋环境效应阈值推导方法研究进展

Study progress on method for deriving effect threshold concentrations of pollutants in marine environment

当前我国在海水水质基准/标准研究和近海污染物的环境风险评价方面还缺乏成熟的关键技术和方法体系,而污染物海洋环境效应阈值(PNEC)是对其进行风险评价的基础和关键,是研究与制定相关环境标准/基准或决策的科学依据。本文重点综述了当前各种PNEC的推导方法,对各方法的原理、应用范围、计算公式和毒性数据要求等内容进行了详细介绍;归纳了各方法的联系、区别和优缺点。针对当前污染物生态毒理学研究现状及海洋环境风险评价需求,尝试性的提出了PNEC推导技术的发展趋势。以期为我国海洋环境质量标准制定和风险评价研究提供有益的参考和借鉴。

Currently,it is very short of the key technologies and methodologies for the marine environmental risk assessment and water quality standard/criteria of pollutants in China.The effect threshold concentration of chemical pollutants（PNEC） in the marine environment is a key and foundational feature for the marine environmental risk assessment,and the concentration is also the scientific basic for the establishment of marine water quality standards and criterion.In this article,the various methods to calculate PNEC were summarized,and the principles,application ranges,calculation formulae and toxicity data requirement of the two methods were introduced.The linkages and differences between two methods were discussed.Finally,according to the current research status of eco-toxicology of pollutants and the demands on the marine environmental risk assessment,the perspectives of PNEC derivation were tentatively proposed.The results of present article wish to provide the useful helps for the establishing marine environmental quality standard and study on the risk assessment in China.