粤北连县传统采茶曲调探析

On the Music Form of the Traditional Tea Picking in Lian County,North Guangdong

粤北是广东"采茶戏"的主要流行地区,其历史可以追溯到明代。粤北连县的采茶戏当地称其为连阳调子。连县传统采茶曲调的调式类属有单一调式和复合调式,而复合调式是连县采茶曲调的一个显著的调式特点。曲体结构,旋律构成较单一,以单腔式为主,但腔式变化较多,有重复、扩充、浓缩、拖腔、垛句、衬腔等手法的运用。句式结构均为乐段结构,从二句体到五句体再到五句以上的多句体。旋律发展较自由,没有严格限定,可根据歌词和表现的需要自由处理乐句的长短,不太讲究对称关系。

This article is based on ＂Lian County＇s folk songs（Collections of the Tea Picking Tunes）＂ published by the Cultural Museum in Lian Country, Shaoguan, Guangdong in 1957. By examining the origin and development of the tea picking custom in North Guangdong, the background of the publication of this col- lections, the author puts forward that the traditional tunes of the tea picking opera in Lian County has both single mode and composite mode, and the composite mode is a typical feature of its music tune. By observing the music form structure, the author thinks that its melody is single, with a single chamber type, but the cavity type changes like repetition, expansion, condensation, drawling, crib sentence, lining cavity, etc.. The sentence structure is basically characterized with the music phrase structure, changeing from two-sentence structure, five-sentence structure to multi-sentence structure. The melody develops freely without strict limit. The sentences can change depending on the needs Of words and performance without symmetry, this further brings the richness of the sentence structure.