魏晋南北朝论证型论体文之分类及特点

The Classifications and the Features of Argument Writing Forms in the Southern and Northern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝论证型论体文采用专论的方式证明论点,根据论点出现的情况可分为四种:证明式、归结式、阐述式与分论式。证明式的基本特点是开宗明义,将论点置于篇首,下文作者用论据加以证明,就其因果关系而言,属于由果求因;归纳式的基本特点是先述论据,后出论点,在思维方向上是由已知到未知;阐释式则是由已知到已知,在文首提出论点,下文进行分项阐述,并非证明,由总到分,使之条理清晰;分论式,论点分散,似乎只有分论点而找不到中心论点,其实文章的中心论点体现于全篇,几个分论点在精神上是向一点集中的。

The paper studies the characteristics of argument writing forms in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The feature of argument writing forms used to apply a way of monograph to prove the argument. According to the appearance condition of the argument, the writing form can be divided into four types, which are fully discussed in the paper.