福利国家弱势群体的教育福利制度研究

A Study on the System of Educational Welfare for Vulnerable Groups in Welfare States

提供免费而公平的基础教育是现代福利国家一项义不容辞的职责,是一项制度性的社会福利安排,其中尤以弱势群体的平等受教育权为典型。教育福利制度的理念是政府为公民提供基础教育是其法定义务,不带有任何"施舍"或"慈善"之意。教育福利制度必须从立法上进行制度安排,形成多层次全方位的法制框架,以落实并保障公民该项法定权利。教育福利制度要求政府因应时代要求,在必要时尽最大努力采取弱势补偿措施,以确保公民受教育权的平等性。《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010—2020年)》提出了逐步实现我国基本公共教育服务均等化的目标,其落实有赖于遵循教育福利制度的理念,并将其贯穿于体系化的立法和务实性的政策之中。

To provide free and fair basic education for citizens,especially for those vulnerable groups,is a statutory obligation of a modern welfare state and an institutional arrangement of social welfare.The idea of an educational welfare system lies in that to offer such basic education is a duty but not 'grace' or 'charity' of the government.The educational welfare system must be legislated to form a multi-level and comprehensive legal framework to implement and safeguard all citizens' equal right to be educated.The educational welfare system requires the government responding to demands of the time,if necessary,to try its best to take necessary compensatory measures for vulnerable groups to ensure their educational right.In the Outline of China's National Plan for Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development(2010—2020),a basic goal of equalization of public education services has been put forward.The implementation of such a goal depends on carrying out the idea of an educational welfare system and putting such an idea into systematic laws and regulations and practical policies.