文凭信号、职业因素与家庭背景对教育收益的影响研究

A Study on Impacts of Diploma Signal,Occupational Factors and Family Background on Educational Returns

关于教育收益问题的研究始于20世纪60年代初人力资本理论的诞生,后来随着研究的深入,筛选理论、劳动力市场分割理论等也被借鉴到了该问题的研究中来。经典明瑟方程假定个人收入只受到受教育年限与工作经验的影响,但是现实中个人收入还受文凭信号、职业因素与家庭背景等因素的影响。通过分析各影响因素对教育收益的影响程度,不但能估算出更为真实的教育收益率,也有助于收益率数值背后问题本质的挖掘。研究结果显示:文凭信号、职业因素与家庭背景都会对我国的教育收益产生影响;其中以职业因素产生的影响最为显著,其次是家庭背景,再次是文凭信号;反映出我国的劳动力市场内部仍存在着严重的分割属性,家庭资本对教育收益具有明显的促进作用,且教育的筛选功能更多地体现于我国的高端劳动力市场上。

Generally,the study on returns to education started from the human resource theory advanced in the 1960s.Later,the screening theory and labor market segmentation theory have also been referred by this study.The classical Mincer equation assumes that the personal income is only affected by years of education and work experience.But in reality it is also affected by diploma signal,occupational factors and family background.By analyzing various factors which impact on returns to education,we can not only get a more exact rate of returns to education,but also can find values behind such numbers.The research result is that diploma signal,occupational factors and family background all have influence on China's rate of returns to education.Impacts from occupational factors are the most significant,followed by family background,and the third is diploma signal.All this shows that China's labor market is segmented,family capital can promote the rate of returns to education,and education mostly plays a screening role in China's high-end labor market.