霍布斯与卢梭社会契约思想的博弈论解析

Analysis on the Social Contract Methodology of Hobbes and Rousseau with the Game-Theory

社会契约思想在关于国家构建的政治哲学思想中有着重要地位,其中以霍布斯及卢梭的社会契约论思想最为突出。霍布斯在其著作《利维坦》中系统地阐述了由人性到社会契约到国家诞生的推论过程,并自诩为政治科学;而卢梭在其代表作《社会契约论》中则运用社会契约思想说明了构建主权国家的必要性以及如何构建等诸多问题。本文运用博弈论的方法分析霍布斯与卢梭社会契约思想的逻辑过程,推导其隐含的假设以及一些不足之处,最后得出也许更为合理的对国家构建诸多变量间关系的解释。

The social contract methodology is one of the most important branches of political philosophy with respect to state construction, especially the theory of Tomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Hobbes deduced the process of the generation of social contract and state construction from human nature in a systematic approach in his famous book Leviathan, and hence defined this approach as political science. While Rousseau applied the social contract methodology to illustrate the necessity for sovereignty and how should it be construct- ed. In this paper, we apply game theory to analyze the logical process of the social contract methodology of Hobbes and Rousseau, try to induce their implicit assumptions or some weak point, and hence generate maybe more plausible explanation for the relationship among different variables with respect to state construction.