文化经济学的视野:“私有化”与“市场化”反思——兼论“广义科斯定理”和产权公平

The Vision of Cultural Economics:"Privatization" and "Marketization"——Also on Coase Theorem in a Broad Sense and Equality in Property Right

西方主流经济学一直把自由市场作为理论的重要起点之一,亦影响到我国经济改革的"私有化"和"市场化"走向。另一方面,却是国家在国企垄断和诸如楼市调控中显示出来的强势计划性市场倾向。本文从"人类学的经济学"或说"文化经济学"的视角,探讨了上述经济改革中的两难困境:自由市场还是计划性市场?本文由文化群体动力学的"信号灯法则"引出问题,论证了中国的经济改革不应以私有化和自由市场为方向,也不能回归计划性市场,而应寻找自由市场和计划性市场两端中间的合适平衡态。(1)本文首先指出了自由市场和计划性市场的原初逻辑均是来自人类初民社会,把自由市场归为资本主义或把计划性市场归为社会主义因而争论"主义"的思维模式存在误区;(2)通过论证"广义科斯定理",探讨了自由市场和计划性市场"两端论"的观点,强调了产权表达的公平秩序是市场的本质。产权改制的核心不是私有化和自由市场之类,而应该是公平配置共有产权(民权基础)和个有产权(人权基础)、合理安排自由市场和计划性市场两端中间的平衡状态。公有制和私有制的意识形态争论是一个伪问题。(3)由"两端论"的观点讨论了"国家"角色,指出国家既不可能超脱于自由市场之外,亦不应操控计划市场。它应该正视自己是市场的一部分并为其在国企转制和市场改革中的行为负责。

Free market, taken as one of critical starting point of the Western mainstream economic the- ories, has influenced the trend of ＂privatization＂ and ＂marketization＂ in China＇s economic reform. On the other hand, the government showed a dominant tendency of implementing the planned market. The essay, based on a vision of ＂anthropological economics＂, or rather ＂cultural economics＂, deals with the dilemma in economic reform： free market or planned market？ Inspired by ＂the rule of signal lights＂ in cultural group ki netics, the paper demonstrates China＇s economic reform should neither be oriented to privatization or free market nor regress to planned market; instead, it should seek for a balance between both ends.