气候变化对华北4个城市建筑节能设计气象参数的影响

Effect of Climate Change on Meteorological Parameters for Building Energy-Saving Design in Four Cities in North China

分析了1951年以来华北地区北京、天津、石家庄和太原4个城市建筑节能设计气象参数的变化特征,以期为建筑节能设计提供参考。结果表明:自1951年以来的近60年,4个城市采暖及冬季空气调节室外计算温度都明显升高,夏季空气调节室外计算干球温度呈升高趋势,夏季空气调节室外计算日平均及逐时温度总体上升高,但升高幅度较冬季采暖和冬季空气调节室外计算温度升高幅度均偏小;夏季通风室外计算温度呈弱的升高趋势,而室外计算相对湿度在北京、天津及太原降低,石家庄基本不变。气候变化对建筑节能设计气象参数存在明显的影响,对冬季采暖和空调的影响明显大于夏季空调,这对建筑节能设计是有利的。由于夏季通风室外计算温度升高不明显,对通风节能影响不大,而北京、天津相对湿度的降低有利于通风节能。

Building energy efficiency is an important measure to deal with climate change issue,and meteorological parameters are the basis for building energy-saving design.In this study,meteorological parameters for building energy-saving design in four cities（Beijing,Tianjin,Shijiazhuang,and Taiyuan） in North China during 1951-2010 were analyzed to provide reference for building energy efficiency.The results showed that outdoor design temperature for heating or air-conditioning in winter apparently increased in all four cities in recent sixty years.Outdoor design dry bulb temperature for summer air-conditioning showed an increasing trend in these four cities and air-conditioning outdoor daily average and hourly temperature in summer also gradually increased.However,the increasing rate was lower in summer than in winter.Outdoor design temperature for summer ventilation showed a weak increase trend in four cities,whereas outdoor design relative humidity showed a decrease in Beijing,Tianjin and no obvious trend in Shijiazhuang and Taiyuan.The results in this study suggest that climate change has evident effect on meteorological parameters for building energy-saving design,and this effect is more intense in winter than in summer,which may be beneficial for building energy-saving design.The weak increase in outdoor design temperature for summer ventilation may be of no evident effect on building ventilation energy,whereas the decrease of relative humidity is useful for energy saving in Tianjin and Beijing.