我国甘薯生产机械化技术路线研究

Study on the Route of Mechanization of Sweet Potato(Ipomoea batatas Lam.) Production Technology in China

阐述了我国甘薯生产特点、机械化现状与存在问题,从用户需求、品种特性、种植方式、收获工艺等角度探索与机械化关系,分析确定甘薯生产机械化技术路线所需思考的主要因素,并提出我国甘薯生产机械化技术路线,为本领域研发、制造、种植、使用等提供明晰的方向引导。技术路线主要内容为:分步推进,先平原后丘陵,先大户后散户;农机农艺融合,以利于机械作业为目标,选育品种,改进和规范栽培技术;提升规范现有垄作技术,研发大型和微小型起垄机具;先栽后浇、分段作业、裸苗移栽优先、重视钵苗移栽;切蔓粉碎还田优先、逐步发展整蔓收集饲用;推进提升分段收获、重视开发丘陵机械、加快研发两段式收获、逐步发展联合收获。

This paper describes production characteristics,mechanization status and problems of sweet potato in China,explore the relationshipwith the mechanization from user needs,species characteristics,planting mode and harvest technology,analysis and determine the main factors affected the route of mechanization of sweet potato production technology,then propose the route which provides the clear direction for research and development,manufacture,planting and use of sweet potato and so on.The main contents of the route contain the following： advance step by step from the plain to hills and from the large growers to the small;Combine the agricultural machinery and agronomy,select and breed new varieties for helping mechanical operations as the target,improve and standardize the cultivation techniques;Upgrade and regulate the existing ridge technical,research and development large and micro-small ridge equipment;Water after the first planting,treat segment work and root-naked transplanting as the priority,attach importance to the potted-seedling transplanting;Treat shattering and returning of sweet potato vine as the priority,gradually advance the technology which collects the whole vine as fodder;Advance and upgrade segment harvest,attach importance to the development of hill mechanical,research and develop two segment harvest,advance combine harvester step by step.