妊娠年龄对妊娠并发症及婴儿成长、智能发育的影响的初步研究

Effects of Pregnant Age on the Pregnancy Complications and Infant Growth and Mental Development

目的探讨妊娠年龄对妊娠并发症及后代的影响。方法800名孕妇随机分为：Ⅰ：20—25岁，Ⅱ：26～30岁，Ⅲ：31．35岁，Ⅳ：〉35岁，每组各200名。一方面回顾性分析年龄对并发症的影响；另一方面在婴儿出生后6、12、18、24、30个月进行智力发育指数（Mental development index，MDI）和精神运动发育指数（Psychomotor development index，PDI）评估。结果Ⅰ，Ⅳ组并发症显著高于其他组（Ⅰ：χ^2=199．46，P〈0．05，Ⅳ：χ^2=211．33，P〈0．01）。Ⅳ组MDI，PDI在6、12、24个月时显著性低于其他组（MDI：F=2．37—3．57，q=4．37～5．01，P〈0．05；PDI：F=2．76～3．00，q=4．73—6．27，P〈0．05）；Ⅳ组婴儿MDI〈85者12例，PDI〈70者6例，诊断为精神发育迟滞。结论妊娠年龄大于35岁将显著提高并发症且对后代有不利影响。

Objective To explore the effects of pregnant age on the pregnancy complications and their infants. Methods All of 800 mothers were divided into four groups by the pregnant age： Ⅰ ： 20-25 years old, Ⅱ：26-30 years old, Ⅲ 31-35 years old,Ⅳ：〉35 years old,200 for each group. First,we had a retrospective analysis to explore the effect of pregnant age on the rate of Pregnancy complications;Second,the infants had Mental Development Indcx（MDI） and Psychomotor Development Index （PDI） test at 6,12, 18,24 and 30month after birth. Results Ⅰ , Ⅳ group had an significant higher rate of Pregnancy complications than the other groups （ Ⅰ ： χ^2=199.46,P〈0.05; Ⅳ： χ^2=211.33,P〈0.01）. The MDI and PDI of infants in group Ⅳ was significant lower as compared with the other groups at 6,12,24 month after birth （MDI：F=2.37-3.57,q=4.37-5.01,P〈0.05. PDI：F=2.76-3.00,q=4.73-6.27,P〈0.05）.There were 12 infants whose MDI was lower than 85 in Group Ⅳ and 6 babes whose MPI was lower than 70,those babes were dignified as mental retardation. There was no significant difference between MDI and PDI among the infants of group Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Conclusion The age of pregnant mothers over 35 years old will significantly increase the incidence of complications and has adverse effects on the intelligence development of their infants.