美国水权交易制度研究

Regulations of water rights transfer in USA

水权交易是实现水资源再分配的重要方式。美国水权交易形式多样,包括水权转换、水银行租赁、干旱年份特权、优先权放弃协议、用水置换、临时性再分配、退水买卖、捆绑式买卖等。水权交易对流域经济、社会和生态具有负面影响,美国学者对其看法不一。为了减少和避免水权交易的外部性,美国许多州对水权交易实行严格的行政审批制度,政府部门从环境影响、对其他水权人的影响等几个方面对水权交易进行严格审查。

Water transfer is an important way in which water resource could be reallocated in a market-suitable way.In America,the forms of water transfer vary greatly,including financing of water conservation measures,leasing through the water bank,the dry-year options,the subordination agreements,exchange of water,the temporary reallocation,sales of effluent,the water ranches,etc.Because of its influences on the economic,social and ecological status,the opnion on the water transfer splits sharply in America academe.In order to reduce or avoid the external influence of water transfer,many states regulate the water transferes by examining and approving the process.The agency always censors the transfers through it＇s influence on the environment and the interest of other water rights owners,etc.