摘要重症监护病房（Intensive Care Unit）是指具有特定人员与先进医疗设备的住院病房。我国第一个ICU于1974年在天津市第一中心医院成立，20余年来随着全国二级以上医院ICU建设日趋完善，人们对呼吸生理认识的不断深入，人工呼吸机或称机械呼吸器得以广泛应用，并且已成为重症患者治疗的重要手段。
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