珍稀齿瓣石斛的生物学特性及其野生资源保护

Discussion of Biological Characteristics and Wild Resources Protection of Precious Dendrobium devonianum Paxt

阐述了齿瓣石斛的生物学特性及资源情况。为附生草本植物,主要分布于热带、亚热带温暖湿润地区,高温环境下茎条细长,低温(1℃以下)容易受冻,为冬季落叶型石斛。自然条件下,齿瓣石斛繁殖方式包括有性繁殖和营养繁殖,有性繁殖对环境要求严格,果实种子量大,为明显的"以量取胜"繁殖,是扩大种群分布范围的主要途径;营养繁殖分合轴生长和高芽繁殖,合轴生长形成并壮大株丛,有春秋两个萌芽峰期,而高芽是扦插、压条繁殖的保证。野生资源过度采摘、生境破坏与植树造林、繁殖特性缺陷、人工种植产业发展缓慢、供需矛盾突出等是齿瓣石斛野生资源濒危的主要原因。应制定相关政策,加强野生资源保护,推进齿瓣石斛工厂化育苗,并积极开展种子自然繁殖技术研究,降低种苗培育成本,加快规模化种植产业发展,实现齿瓣石斛资源的可持续利用。

The bionomics and current resources situation of Dendrobium devonianum Paxt. was discussed. Dendrobium devonianum Paxt. is an epiphyte mainly distributed in warm and humid region in tropical or subtropical zone. It defoliated in winter, the stem was slender at high temperature environment and easily frost at low temperature environment （ below 1 ~C ）. Under natural conditions, it could multiply by generative propagation and vegetative reproduction. Perfect conditions and abundant seeds were re- quired for generative propagation; sympodial branching and high bud were critical for vegetative reproduction. Excessive harvest, habitat destruction, afforestation, reproduction defect, undeveloped cultivation and supply - demand conflict were the main reasons for the endangering of Dendrobium devonianum Paxt.. So, the protection of wild resources, the raise of seedling for large scale and the research of natural reproduction of seeds for reducing costs, were critical for the rapid development of cultivation and the sustainable utilization of natural resources.