白花刺蔷薇种子和果实的形态与组分

The Study on the Morphological Characters and the Component Analysis of Seeds and Fruit of Rosa acicularis

对白花刺蔷薇的种子和果实形态与化学成分含量进行了研究测定。结果表明:①白花刺蔷薇果实红色,长1.5～2.5 cm,径0.8～1.0 cm,内含种子1～12粒不等,种子外包白色薄膜;种子近似卵形,种皮土黄色或褐色。种子尺寸为4.58 mm×2.21 mm,单粒质量12.82 mg。②白花刺蔷薇种子总糖质量分数为124.2mg/g,高于粗脂肪(71.0 mg/g)、灰分(16.5 mg/g)、可溶性糖(11.7 mg/g)、蛋白质(1.7 mg/g)、游离氨基酸(0.2 mg/g)等其他内含物含量。③白花刺蔷薇果实中总糖质量分数为44.6 mg/g,明显高于酒石酸(4.5 mg/g)、苹果酸(4.0 mg/g)、单宁(3.3 mg/g)、赖氨酸(4.1 mg/g)、色氨酸(1.8 mg/g)、游离氨基酸(0.4 mg/g)、蛋白质(1.2 mg/g)等内含物的含量;Vc的质量分数为2.723 mg/g,远远高于苹果、梨等同科水果;SOD含量1 482.33 U/g,是刺梨的3倍;同时还含有Ca,Mg,Mn等多种矿质元素,开发利用前景广阔。

The morphological characters and the component analysis of the seeds and fruit of Rosa acicularis were studied.The results showed that：① The fruit of Rosa acicularis is red berry,1.5-2.5 cm length,0.8-1.0 cm in the most diameter,with white powder on surface,containing 1-12 seeds.The seed,close to oval-shaped,is covered with white film;seed coat color khaki or brown.The size of seed is 4.58 mm×2.21 mm,the single seed weight is 12.82 mg.② The seeds contains total sugar 124.2 mg/g,significantly higher than crude fat（71.0 mg/g）,ash（16.5 mg/g）,soluble sugar（11.7 mg/g）,protein（1.7 mg/g）,free amino acid（0.2 mg/g）,and the other contents of the composition.③ The berries contain total sugar 44.6 mg/g,tartaric acid 4.5 mg/g,malic acid 4.0 mg/g,tannins 3.3 mg/g,lysine 4.1 mg/g,tryptophan 1.8 mg/g,free amino acids 0.4 mg/g,protein 1.2 mg/g,vitamin C 2.723 mg/g,SOD 1 482.3 U/g and some mineral elements.Of all the nutrients,Vc content is much higher than apples,pears and other fruits which are in the same family,and SOD content is three times as Rosa roxburghii＇s berries.So the Berberis amurensis will have a broad prospect as a source of wild fruit to be developed.