青铜器文物腐蚀受损原因的研究

A Study of the Corrosion on Bronze

以三千多 年前商周 时代为 代表的青 铜器是 我国金属 质地文物 中的 珍品 ． 因 腐蚀 而造成青铜 器表面铭 文图案 等考古信 息破 坏， 致使 文物 价 值受 到 严重 损害 ，如 一种 常 见的 青铜 器 表面的粉状 锈，又称 青铜病， 在大气环 境下它常 从某些 古铜器锈 皮底 缝中 冒出 并蔓 延，从 而使 青铜 文物遭受破 坏，这是 腐蚀现象 中的特 殊类型． 本文调 查了青 铜病的表 现‘症状’，对青铜 病形成的 过程和原因，以 小孔腐 蚀原理研 究了溶液 的ｐ Ｈ 值和 Ｃｌ － 浓度对 青铜腐 蚀的 影响， 进行 了模 拟闭 塞电 池内化学和 电化学状 态的研 究，提出青 铜病的 产生机理 并探求 符合文 物保 护要 求的 青铜 器保 护处 理方法．

The bronze is the treasure in chinese metallic antique, which was typified by product in Shang_Zhou period (three thousands years ago). Because of corrosion, archaeological messages,such as inscription and pattern on the surface of bronze, would be damaged then the value of bronze antique decreased. The bronze disease is a common disease which forms powdery rust on the surface of bronze in atmospheric environment, the powdery rust emerge from under incrusted rust, then spreads, and eventually leads to bronze damaged. This paper investigates the bronze disease. According to the chemical and electrochemical tests in simulated occluded cell, the variation in concentration of hydrogen and chlorid ions in the occluded cavity result in corrosion of bronze by the theory of pitting corrosion. This paper proposes the formation mechanism of bronze disease and seek the treatment methods according with the damands of conservation.