我国江河工程凌汛计算研究进展综述

Review of Ice Flood Calculation for River Structures in China

冬季,我国北纬30°以北和青藏高原的江河上都存在不同程度冰情,有些江河还会发生较严重凌汛。在这些地区兴建水利水电工程及跨河建筑物,因改变了部分河道热力、动力及边界条件,不仅影响到河道防凌安全,而且往往对工程本身安全构成威胁。50年来,我国的工程凌汛研究工作,在吸取了国外凌汛研究经验基础上,结合工程设计、施工和管理实践,进行了大量资料测验、科学试验及分析研究。通过总结以上研究成果,对工程影响下的3类冰凌洪水形成条件及主要特征量提出了较完整、科学且实用的分析计算方法,以期为兴建同类工程时的凌汛计算提供有益借鉴。

This paper introduced the background and an overview of the progress of ice flood calculation in China. Ice floods usually occur in north regions of latitude 30°N in China and the Tibetan Plateau in winter to different extents, some of which are very serious. Construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects and river-crossing buildings in these regions which changes heat, power and riverbed boundary conditions at some parts of rivers, not only affects the river ice flood control security, and often bring about threats to the safety of the projects themselves. Based on foreign research on ice flood, a lot of observations, experiments and researches have been carried out in China since nearly 50 years ago. After summarizing the previous researches, a completed set of analysis and calculating methods on 3 types of ice floods was presented, considering the effects of construction, which is scientific and can be used for further ice flood analysis and calculation of similar construction.