中国农业与乡村地理研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospect in the Disciplines of Agricultural Geography and Rural Development in China

本文回顾了中国农业地理与乡村发展学科的简要发展历程,分析了本学科近年来的研究进展、取得的重要成果及其在区域农业与农村发展决策实践中的应用。通过比较国内外相关领域的研究进展,进一步讨论了适应新时期国家战略需求的中国农业地理与乡村发展创新研究的主要任务和科学命题。中国农业地理与乡村发展学科的最新研究进展归纳为研究成果、新方法与新技术应用、基础研究平台建设与人才培养等方面。其中新近研究成果主要包括:①农业与乡村地理学综合研究;②农村空心化与空心村整治;③新农村建设综合研究;④区域农业与乡村发展研究;⑤研究成果的系统化与国际化。

This paper firstly reviews the brief development course of the disciplines of agricultural geography and rural development in China, then introduces the recent major achievements and their applications in econom- ic development, finally demostrates the prospect on the new innovative research tasks and scientific proposals in the fields of agricultural geography and rural development to meet the needs of national strategies, based on comparison with related research progress abroad. Recent research progress includes research achievements, the applications of new technologies and methodologies, the establishment of basic research platforms, and talents fostering programmes. The summary of recent research achievements concerns five topics： （1） integrated re- search on agricultural and rural geography; （2） rural hollowing and the renovation of hollowed villages; （3） inte- grated research on building a new countryside; （4） regional agriculture and rural development; and （5） the sys- tematization and internationalization of research achievements. With the implementation of the strategy on ＂building a new countryside,＂ relative research concerning new countryside construction and the renovation of hollowed villages has attracted the interest of a wide variety of researchers in China. Recent research results indi- cated that the evolutive process of rural hollowing can be identified into five stages, i.e., emergence, growth; flourishing, stability, and decline. Based on regional economic development level and its physiographic features, the types of rural hollowing can be categorized as urban fringe, plain agricultural region, hilly agricultural re- gion, and agro-pastoral region. Especially, the plain agriculatral region is the most typical one in rural hollow- ing, which shows the spatial evolution of rural hollowing as a ＂poached egg＂ pattern with a layered hollow core and solid shape. Furthermore, the driving forces behind rural hollowing are identified as the pull of cities and the push of rural areas. Currently, regional discrepancies, rural poverty, rural land-use issues and the present interna- tional environment are four major potential factors influencing the building of a new countryside in China. Ac- cordingly, some researches have been carried out such as the implication of rural land-use change for building a new countryside, rural development types and their regional differentiation caused by industrialization and ur- banization. In the future, there will be an obvious trend of regionalized and base-oriented agricultural produc- tion, and also an increasing trend of urbanization and industrialization in the rural development of China. There- fore, there is an urgent need for innovative researches on agricultural geography and rural development to pro- vide strong support to the realization of the coordinated and balanced rural-urban development, and the balance between agricultural economy and social issues, and to appropriately deal with the conflict between rural devel- opment and environmental protection. Accordingly, the future of agricultural geography and rural development research may focus on the following themes： （1） the mechanism and the integrated renovation model of hollow- ing village; （2） differentiation and restructuring of rural territorial types; （3） multi-functionality of rural system during the transition period; （4） the new pattern of regional agricultural types; （5） the effect and value of rural el- ements transformation; （6） rural-urban relationship and spatio-territorial restructuring; （7） driving mechanism and competitiveness of rural development; （8） territorial model and institution innovation of building a new countryside; and （9） the long-term strategy and guaranteeing system of building a new countryside in China.