社会冲突的深层根源及其政治哲学思考

Deep Roots of Social Conflicts and Reflections on Them From the Perspective of Political Philosophy

一定的身份文化将人的自然差异转化为社会性差异。古代社会中,人的身份具有不可选择性、严格的等级性和价值性,现代社会中,人的身份具有多重性、可选择性和非价值性等特点。现代社会的公民身份是人的所有身份中更基本的、最一般的因而也是最重要的身份。其他身份都具有特定的差异性和限度,而公民身份超越了所有这些差异性和限度,它使所有人的一般性得到制度化统一。公民身份本来应该是平等的,但实际上却存在着诸多不平等,甚至可能存在着严重不平等的问题,社会冲突的深层根源就存在于这样一个消除公民身份不平等过程,特别是存在于其中的制度变革中。

A certain identity culture transforms man＇s natural differences into his social differences.In ancient society,human identity was non-optional,strictly hierarchical and valuable,while in modern society,human identity is multiple,optional and non-valuable.Citizenship in modern society is the most basic and most general of all human identities,hence the most important identity.Other identities of modern people have their own differences and limitations;however,citizenship is beyond all of them and unifies everyone＇s universality in a system.Citizenship itself should be on equal terms,but in reality it is based on unequal terms,and there may even exist serious inequality in it.The deep roots of social conflicts exist in the process of eliminating the inequality of citizenship,especially in the reform of the social system.