前近代时期的族群边界与认同——对清代“苗疆”社会中“非苗化”现象的思考

The Ethnic Boundary and Recognition in the Pre-Modern Times——A Consideration of the "Non-Miao" Phenomenon in the Miao Frontier during the Qing Dynasty

清朝中期以后,在"苗疆"地域的部分"苗种"的族群社会中,其群体意识中出现了强烈否认自身为"苗"的所谓的"非苗化"现象①**。本文通过对文献的整理与解读,具体分析了导致出现这一现象背后的政治及社会文化等原因。并对前近代时期,由"王化"与"教化"所象征的中华帝国的双重"华夷体系"结构下的政治及文化边界等问题展开了初步的探讨。在此基础上,笔者认为,清朝中后期各"苗种"社会在汉化过程中,其内部形成的差异导致的新的族群边界和认同的产生,其实是一种"结构重现"的现象,它与近代以后的"民族"形成与认同间有着某种内在的历史关联。

In some places of the ＂seeded society＂ in the Miao frontier after the Mid-Qing Dynasty,there appeared a strong conscious self-denial of Miao among the Miao group-so-called ＂non-Miao＂ phenomenon.By collecting and unscrambling relevant literatures,this paper conducts a substantial analysis of the political and socio-cultural background for the appearance of this phenomenon.Meanwhile,it discusses the problems in the pre-modern times related to the political and cultural boundary,based on the dual structure of the Chinese Empire＇s Huayi system which is symbolized by ＂monarchize＂ and ＂civilize＂.Resulting from that,the present writer thinks that in the process of assimilation towards Han,the differences inside the ＂Miao seeded society＂ during the Mid-Qing Dynasty led to the emergence of new ethnic boundary and recognition,which has inner link in history with the formation and recognition of the ＂ethnic group＂ in the modern times.