灌水对超高产麦田小麦灌浆期旗叶和籽粒糖含量与产量的影响

Effect of Irrigation on Sugar Content in Flag Leaf and Grain,and Yield of Super-high-yield Wheat at Grain-Filling Stage

为确定超高产麦田适宜的灌水时期和数量,在小麦超高产试验田设置不同的灌水处理,研究了灌水量和灌水期对超高产小麦灌浆期旗叶、籽粒中蔗糖、可溶性糖动态变化及产量的影响。结果表明,与不灌水对照相比,灌水可提高超高产小麦灌浆期旗叶、籽粒中蔗糖和可溶性糖的代谢活性,显著增加籽粒产量。在2009-2010年度小麦生长季降雨量为291.7 mm的条件下,灌冬水、拔节水和灌浆水各60 mm的灌水处理(T5)灌浆期旗叶和籽粒中蔗糖和可溶性糖含量最高,转移和转化最完全,同时其产量也最高,达到超高产水平(9 923.58 kg.hm-2),与其他灌水处理差异显著。在T5处理基础上继续增加灌水量的T7和T8处理旗叶和籽粒中蔗糖和可溶性糖代谢活性降低,穗粒数、千粒重和水分利用率下降显著,最终导致小麦减产。在本试验条件下,灌冬水、拔节水和灌浆水各60 mm是超高产麦田适宜的用水方案。

To determine feasible irrigation stage and amount for super-high-yield land and excavate the yield potential of super-high-yield wheat,the effects of irrigation stage and amount on the dynamic changes of soluble sugar and sucrose in flag leaf and grain,and yield of super-high-yield wheat at filling stage were evaluated in super-high-yield land of Jinhai seed limited company.The results indicated that irrigation increased the metabolic activity of soluble sugar and sucrose of super-high-yield wheat at grain filling stage compared with the control,and the grain yield of super-high-yield wheat significantly increased.In the 2009-2010 growing season with rainfall of 291.7 mm,the treatment T5 was irrigated 60 mm at wintering,jointing and filling stage respectively,of which the contents of soluble sugar and sucrose were the highest and the transformation of soluble sugar and sucrose was the most thorough,and its yield was supreme up to super-high-yield level（9 923.58 kg·hm-2）.Increasing irrigation amount（T7 and T8）,the metabolic activity of soluble sugar and sucrose,grains per spike,1000-grain weight and water use efficiency decreased significantly,which leaded to yield reduction.So under the experimental conditions,irrigated 60 mm at wintering,jointing and filling stage respectively was the feasible irrigation scheme to super-high-yield land.