抗旱节水春小麦品种鉴选指标比较研究

A Comparative Study on Selection Index for Drought Resistance and Water Saving Varieties of Spring Wheat

为给抗旱节水春小麦新品种的选育提供参考依据,在节水灌溉和常规充分灌溉条件下,对20个北方春麦区主栽品种的形态及生理指标、产量形成、水分利用效率(WUE)进行了系统测定和分析,并比较了相关抗旱节水性能评价指标。结果表明,节水灌溉条件下,多数品种的产量和WUE都表现一般,通过系统聚类筛选出5个经济产量和WUE都表现较好的小麦品种。以抗旱指数评价,宁春41号、龙麦32号和农鉴7号抗旱性优于对照永良4号,而巴优2号和农鉴1号表现不及永良4号;以产量-水分高效利用指数评价,5个品种的节水性能均优于永良4号。产量-水分高效利用指数与经济产量、WUE均呈显著正相关,而抗旱指数及其修订式与产量、WUE的相关不显著,产量-水分高效利用指数结合抗旱指数是筛选抗旱节水春小麦品种的有效方法。抗旱、节水、高产春小麦品种的共同特征是株高较高、上部节间长且株高构成指数较大;叶型中等,叶片高光效;根系发达,分布合理;贮藏物质高转运等。宁春41号是兼具抗旱、节水、高产潜力的春小麦品种,适宜在内蒙古河套灌区引进推广。

The morphological and physiological characters,yield components,water use efficiency（WUE） of 20 spring wheat varieties planted in northern spring wheat region were studied systematically under water-saving irrigation and conventional sufficient irrigation conditions.Different drought-resistance and water-saving indices were compared.The results showed that both the yield and WUE of most varieties were ordinary under water saving irrigation,five wheat varieties were selected through systematic cluster analysis for their better economic yield and WUE.Based on drought-resistant index（DRI） evaluation,the drought resistance of Ningchun 41,Longmai 32 and Nongjian 7 were better than that of Yongliang 4,the drought-resistance of Bayou 2 and Nongjian 1 were worse than that of Yongliang 4.By the yield-high water use efficiency index（YHWUEI） evaluation,the water use efficiency of all five varieties was better than that of Yongliang 4.The YHWUEI of spring wheat varieties was correlated positively with economic yield and WUE,but both the drought-resistant index（DRI） and the revised drought-resistant index（DI） were not remarkable correlated with economic yield and WUE,YHWUEI with DRI was an effective way to select spring wheat variety with drought-resistant and water-saving.The main characteristic of drought-resistance,water-saving and high yield spring wheat variety were：1）higher plant height,longer upper internodes length and bigger index of plant height composition;2）medium flag leaf and high photosynthetic efficiency;3） well-developmed and feasible distribution of roots;4） high transportation ratio of the reserves in vegetative organs before the anthesis stage etc.Ningchun41 is a drought-resistant,water-saving and high-yielding spring wheat variety,which could be introduced to plant in Hetao irrigation region,Inner Mongolia.