喷施铁肥对不同基因型小麦产量和铁吸收的影响

Effect of Iron Foliar Application on Yield and Iron Uptake of Different Wheat Genotypes

为研究小麦的最佳喷施铁肥时期并筛选高铁基因型小麦,采用盆栽方法,以14个不同基因型小麦为材料,通过不同时期喷施铁肥,比较其对小麦产量和铁吸收的影响。结果表明,小麦拔节期叶面喷施铁肥可以增加籽粒产量、籽粒铁含量、籽粒铁累积量及占植株总铁积累量的比例。拔节期喷施铁肥提高了小麦根系的铁含量、累积量及根系铁占植株总铁累积量的比例。不同基因型小麦喷施铁肥时茎中的铁含量、铁累积量及占植株总铁累积量的比例均显著降低。小麦体内的铁主要储存在根系中,地上部的铁主要分布在叶片等营养器官中。与低铁基因型相比,高铁基因型小麦具有较低的籽粒产量和生物量,但籽粒产量占全株总生物量的比例却高于低铁基因型。无论是否喷施铁肥,高铁基因型小麦籽粒铁含量、铁累积量及占植株总铁累积量的比例均显著高于低铁基因型小麦。无论是否喷施铁肥,高铁基因型的根系生物量显著低于低铁基因型,但根系铁含量则显著高于低铁基因型,铁累积量则没有显著差异。拔节期喷施铁肥是促进不同基因型小麦生长、改善小麦铁营养状况的有效途径。

To explore the effects of the best periods of iron foliar application and select high-iron genotype,a pot experiment with 14 different wheat genotypes was conducted during 2008-2009 growing season.Iron foliar application was used at three levels,which was control（without iron）,foliar application at jointing stage and foliar application at filling stage.The results showed that foliar application at jointing stage increased wheat grain yield,biomass,iron content in seed,iron accumulation in seed and its ratio to iron accumulation in whole plant.Root iron content,iron accumulation in root and its ratio to iron accumulation in whole plant also increased for foliar application at jointing stage.Iron foliar application resulted in significant reduction of stem iron content,iron accumulation in root and its ratio to iron accumulation in whole plant.More than half of iron concentrated in root of wheat,most of iron in aboveground part of wheat distributed in vegetative organs,such as leaf.High-iron genotype wheat had less grain yield,biomass and greater ratio of grain yield to whole plant biomass,comparing with low-iron genotype.For all three treatments,seed iron content,iron accumulation in seed and its ratio to iron accumulation in whole plant of high-iron genotype wheat were significantly higher than that low-iron genotypes.High-iron genotype wheat had less root biomass,significant greater root iron content and almost the same iron accumulation in root,comparing with low-iron genotype.Iron foliar application at jointing stage was a way to improve wheat growth and enhance iron nutrition of wheat.