多中心的政治经济学——埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆的探索

The Political Economics of Polycentric System: the Explorations of Ostrom Elinor

埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆从挑战国家理论和市场理论出发,开始了其多中心之旅的探索。她早期利用公共经济理论,通过对大城市警察服务15年的经验研究,提出了大城市治理的多中心理论。此后,她通过开发制度分析与发展(IAD)框架,对渔业、森林、灌溉、地下水等公共池塘资源进行了长达30多年的实证研究,并系统地提出了自主治理的八项"设计原则"。当前,她最新的理论研究动态包括:思考开发一个更一般的基于人类行为的选择理论;将信任作为重要的考虑变量;思考人类集体行动的微观情景以及更为复杂的宏观背景,即人类的社会生态系统(SES),从而进一步推进集体行动理论和公共池塘资源治理的前沿进展。在这些研究中,多学科、多元研究方法和合作研究是其重要特色。

Ostrom Elinor started her polycentric journey trying to challenge the state theory and the market theory.She proposed the polycentric theory of urban governance using the public economics theory through the empirical research of police services lasting for 15 years in her early stage.Later she developed the institutional analysis and development framework（IAD）,which was the basis for empirical research of common-pool resources,including fishery,forests,irrigation,and water basin for more than 30 years.With this process,she discovered the eight design principles of self-governance.Now her latest theoretical inquiry includes the following four aspects： further explore a more general theory of behavior approach to human rational choice;play the central role of trust in research;further consider the micro-situational context of human collective action;develop the general framework for the sustainability of social-ecology system pushing the frontier of collective theory and common-pool resources.Inter-disciplines,multiple methods,and collaborative researches are the most characteristics of her research.