诺贝尔之路和共用资源的自治之道——埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆在北京航空航天大学的演讲与问答

Nobel Road and Self-Governance of Common-Pool Resources——Professor Ostrom's Speech and Q&A Discussions at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

与解决集体行动困境问题的私有化和政府模型不同,埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆开创性地提出了解决集体行动困境的第三条道路——自主治理,并进一步发展了多中心治理理论。在简要回顾有关集体行动问题研究背景的基础上,翻译整理了2011年5月9日埃莉诺.奥斯特罗姆在"北航大讲堂"的主要演讲与问答内容。这些内容不仅涵盖了对其诺贝尔之路的探讨,对其学术研究思路和方法的分析,而且通过对公共交通、中国改革、官僚制的交易成本、内蒙古草原管理、多中心治理和集权传统的矛盾、制度多样化、提高私人生活水平和环境保护之间的矛盾、异质性在自治系统中的价值等具体问题的互动讨论,探讨了她自治和多中心治理学说的理论和应用问题。

Different from the models of privatization and central-authority,Professor Ostrom has proposed self-governance as an alternative model to resolve collective action dilemmas,and developed the theory of polycentric governance.After briefly reviewing the research background of the problem of collective action,this paper translates the content of Professor Ostrom＇s speech and questions and answers at Beihang University on May 9,2011.These elements not only covers the talks on Ostrom＇s road to Nobel Prize and academic research methods,but investigates self-governance and polycentric governance theories and their applications by interactive discussion on some concrete issues such as public transport,China＇s reform,bureaucratic transaction costs,Inner Mongolia grassland management,the contradiction between polycentric governance and tradition of centralization,institutional diversity,the contradiction between improving living standards and protecting living environment,and the value of heterogeneity in a self-governance system.