镉胁迫对花生生理特性、产量和品质的影响

Effects of Cadmium Stresses on Physiological Characteristics,Pod Yield,and Seed Quality of Peanut

选用高油花生品种豫花15和高蛋白品种XB023,研究了土壤不同浓度镉胁迫对花生生理特性和产量品质的影响。结果表明,轻、中度镉胁迫(1.0mgkg?1和2.5mgkg?1)促进花生营养生长,重、高度镉胁迫(7.5mgkg?1和15.0mgkg?1)抑制营养生长;轻、中度镉胁迫增加XB023的叶绿素含量,重、高度镉胁迫降低两品种叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率。镉胁迫降低了两品种荚果和籽仁产量,豫花15在中度镉胁迫(2.5mgkg?1)下产量即开始明显降低,而XB023在重度镉胁迫(7.5mgkg?1)时产量才开始显著下降。镉胁迫对花生不同品质类型品种的影响不同,镉胁迫增加了豫花15的籽仁可溶性总糖含量,降低了脂肪、蛋白质含量及油酸/亚油酸(O/L)比值;降低了XB023籽仁中可溶性糖含量、脂肪含量及O/L比值,轻、中度镉胁迫可增加籽仁蛋白质含量及赖氨酸和苏氨酸等氨基酸组分。镉胁迫导致花生体内镉含量增加,豫花15植株内镉含量高于XB023,但籽仁中镉含量小于XB023。

A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of different cadmium concentrations on peanut physiological characteristics,yield and quality using peanut cultivars of Yuhua 15 and XB 023.Five Cd concentrations [0 mg kg-1（CK）,1.0 mg kg-1（light Cd stress）,2.5 mg kg-1（medium Cd stress）,7.5 mg kg-1（heavy Cd stress）,and 15.0 mg kg-1（high Cd stress）] were treated by basal dressing in 2009 and 2010.The results showed that light and medium Cd stresses could promote peanut vegeta-tive growth,but heavy and high Cd stresses inhibit its growth.Heavy and high Cd stresses decreased the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of the two peanut cultivars while light and medium Cd stresses increased the chlorophyll content of XB023 leaves.Cd stresses decreased the yield of pod and kernel.The yield of Yuhua 15 decreased obviously when the Cd concentration reached 2.5 mg kg-1（medium Cd stresses）,however,for XB023,reached 7.5 mg kg-1（heavy Cd stresses）.Cadmium stress had different influence on peanut quality in different cultivars.It could increase the content of soluble sugar,decrease the content of protein and oil,and reduce the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid（O/L） in Yuhua 15 kernels;but decrease the content of soluble sugar and oil,reduce the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid（O/L） in XB023 kernels.Light and medium Cd stresses could increase the content of protein and its components of Lys and Thr in peanut kernels.Cd stresses could increase the cadmium content in peanut.The cadmium content was higher in Yuhua 15 plants than in XB 023 plants,but was less in seed kernel than in XB 023 kernel.