自由式摔跤运动员运动创伤流行病学调查分析

Epidemiologic Study of Wrestling Injuries

目的:研究我国自由式摔跤运动创伤的流行病学特点。方法:对82名现役自由式摔跤运动员进行了运动创伤调查,其中,女运动员36人,男运动员46人;年龄15～30岁,平均(21.05±3.21)岁;平均专业训练年限(7.28±4.01)年。结果:调查对象平均每周训练(10.73±1.26)次;每次训练时间平均2.11±0.46小时。调查对象共有172处运动创伤,创伤发病率为93.90%,男、女无显著差异。最常见的创伤种类是膝关节侧副韧带损伤(25.61%),其次是踝关节侧副韧带损伤和肩关节脱位或孟唇损伤(各15.85%)、腰背部肌筋膜炎/肌肉劳损(14.63%);损伤最多的部位依次是膝关节(31.40%)、肩关节(18.02%)、踝关节(13.95%)、腰背部(11.05%);急性创伤占44.19%,急性转慢性创伤占34.88%,慢性创伤占20.93%;148例(86.05%)创伤发生在训练中,其中,118例发生在对抗性训练中,只有24例发生比赛中;有123例(71.51%)创伤发生在17～22岁阶段。结论:摔跤运动创伤发病率高、创伤种类多,创伤机制难以准确描述,多为对抗本身导致了创伤;我国运动员训练时间长、训练量大,急性转慢性及慢性创伤占的比例高;对抗性训练是创伤防治的重要环节。

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of wrestling injuries in china. Methods Eighty two active wrestlers were surveyed, including 46 males and 36 females, and their injuries occurred in training and competition were recorded. The average age of the wrestlers was 21.05±3.21 years （ 15 - 30years） , and the average duration of their wrestling experience was 7.28±4.01 years. Results The wrestlers underwent 10.73±1.26 training sessions per week, and each session lasted for 2.11 ±0.46 hours. 172 injuries were recorded. There was no gender difference in the incidence rate. Injuries of knee collateral ligament （25.61%） were the most common injuries, followed by injuries of ankle collateral ligament （15.85%） and dislocation of shoulder and injuries of glenoid labrum （15.85%） . Muscular strain / myofascitis of waist / dorsum （14.63%） were the third common injuries. The most common injured locations were found in knee （31.40%） , shoulder （18.02%） , ankle （13.95%） , and waist/dorsum （11.05%） . 44.19% of the injuries were acute, and 55.81% of them were chronic. 148 injuries took place in training （86.05%） , 118 of the 148 occurred during live wrestling practice, while only 24 injuries took place in competitions. 123 injuries （71.59%） took place at the age of 17-22 years. Conclusion A great variety of sports injuries in Chinese wrestlers is found. The mechanism of their injuries was difficult to determine accurately. Longer training duration and higher training load of Chinese wrestlers cause the higher chronic （overuse） injury. It was important to modify the practice strategy, especially in live wrestling practice.