地铁站事故疏散时间计算方法对比研究

Comparative Study on Different Calculating Methods for Accident Evacuation Time at Subway Station

为提高我国地铁站事故疏散时间计算结果的准确性和可信度,通过对国内外事故疏散时间计算的方法、参数设置、结果可信度的对比分析,总结各种地铁站事故疏散时间计算方法的优缺点。结果表明:我国地铁站事故疏散时间的计算方法存在计算参数设置不合理,安全疏散判定标准和事故状态通行能力不明确,折减系数偏大等问题,同时也忽略了建筑特征、人员属性和火势蔓延对疏散过程的影响;而性能化事故疏散时间计算方法能够很好的解决上述问题。建议摒弃公式计算法,积极推行性能化事故疏散设计方法。

In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of calculation results of accident evacuation time at subway station, comparative analysis on the domestic and overseas calculation methods, parameter setting, calculation result credibility of accident evacuation time is carried out, and then the advantages and disadvantages of different calculation methods for accident evacuation time at subway station are summed up. The results show that the disadvantages of the Code for Metro Design of China are that the calculation parameters are set unreasonablely, the criteria of safety evacuation and traffic capacity are also ambiguous, and the traffic capacity reduction factor is overestimated. At the same time, the calculation method of the Code for Metro Design of China also ignores the influences of architectural characteristics, occupant characteristics and the fire spreading on evacuation. However, the performance-based calculation method of accident evacuation time at subway station avoids the above problems well. So it is suggested that the performance-based calculation method should take the place of the formula calculation method of accident evacuation time.