国内外化学事故数据库的发展现状与展望

Progress and Prospect of Chemical Accident Databases at Home and Abroad

为完善我国化学事故数据库,充分发挥其在预防事故中的作用,通过研究美国、欧洲和日本等国家化学事故数据库的发展现状及其特点,分析我国化学事故数据库目前存在的问题。研究表明:国外化学事故数据库发展较完善,其数据结构设计较合理,且事故信息全面、准确,事故数量多;而我国化学事故数据库建设还比较落后,存在数据结构设计简单、标准不统一、数据可靠性差,很多事故信息也未能共享等问题。因此,在发展我国化学事故数据库时,应确保事故数据的数量、质量和多样性,重视未遂事故信息的收集,设计合理的数据结构,并实现数据共享,使其为事故原因分析、事故研究、安全评价和安全培训提供数据支持。

To improve China＇s chemical accident database and play its full role in prevention of accidents, the development and features of chemical accident databases in America, Europe and Japan were researched, and the problems of China＇s databases were analyzed. The study shows that the development of foreign chemical accidents is perfect, design of data structure is reasonable, accident information is comprehensive and reliable, and accident numbers are numerous. The problems in China＇s databases are sim- ple design of data structure, standard discrepancy, data fallibility, and lack of data sharing. Therefore, when developing China＇s chemical accident database, the quantity, quality and diversity of accident data should be ensured, near miss should be paid attention to, reasonable data structure should be designed and data should be shared, so as to provide data for accident cause analysis, accident research, safety evaluation and safety training.