跗横关节韧带的解剖观测及其意义

Anatomical observation and measurement of the ligaments of transverse tarsal joint and its significance

目的:观察跗横关节韧带的走行和分布。方法:解剖观察跗横关节的韧带,并测量相关数据。结果:跗横关节背侧的韧带有距舟韧带、分歧韧带和背外侧跟骰韧带。分歧韧带起于跟骨的背侧,呈"V"形止于舟骨和骰骨。跖侧的韧带有足底长、短韧带和弹簧韧带。足底短韧带起于跟骨底面呈扇形止于骰骨,足底长韧带覆盖大部分的足底短韧带止于骰骨和第2—4跖骨底。弹簧韧带起于跟骨的载距突,由上内跟舟韧带,内下斜行跟舟韧带和下跟舟韧带3部分组成,分别止于舟骨的上内侧面、舟骨粗隆下和舟骨喙突。结论:跗横关节的跖侧韧带较背侧韧带宽大肥厚,对稳定跗横关节和维持足弓起重要作用。

Objective：To observe the courses and distributions of ligaments of transverse tarsal joint.Method：The ligaments of transverse tarsal joint were dissected and observed in cadavers.The dimensions of ligaments were measured.Result：The dorsal ligaments of transverse tarsal joint included the bifurcate ligament,the dorsolateral calcaneocuboid ligament and the talonavicular ligament.The bifurcate ligament originated from the dorsol aspect of calcaneus bone,attached to the cuboid bone and the navicular bone,which formed a configuration of V shape.The plantar ligaments of transverse tarsal joint included the short plantar ligament,the long plantar ligament and the spring ligament.The short plantar ligament originated from the inferior surface of calcaneus bone and attached to cuboid bone.The long plantar ligament covered most part of the short plantar ligament,attached to cuboid bone and to the 2nd to 4th metatarsal bases.The spring ligament was made up of the superomedial calcaneonavicular ligament,the medioplantar oblique calcaneonavicular ligament and the inferoplantar longitudinal calcaneonavicular ligament,which originated from the sustentaculum tali of calcaneus,attached to the superomedial aspect of the navicular,the bottom of navicular tuberosity and navicular beak respectively.Conclusion：The plantar ligaments of transverse tarsal joint are larger than the dorsal ligaments,which play an important role in stabilizing the transverse tarsal joint and maintaining the arc of foot.