角膜发育的分子调控机制研究进展

Current research on molecular regulation of cornea development

角膜的发育异常可引起先天性角膜内皮营养不良、Peters异常、Axenfeld—Rieger综合征及眼表鳞状上皮瘤（OSSN）等先天性眼病。角膜的发育经历了从诱导、发生到逐渐成熟的过程，在此期间的细胞增生、凋亡、分化等一系列过程受到多种信号转导通路和转录因子的精确调控。近年来通过胚胎的组织和基因操作技术，人们发现了一系列信号转导通路，如骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）、成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）、Notch等，和多种转录因子，如Pax6、Krfippel样因子6（KLF6）、转化生长因子8（TGF-β）、TGF—α等均参与了角膜的发育调控过程，它们分别或协同作用于角膜发育的不同阶段，发挥各自的重要功能。主要介绍几种已知在角膜胚胎发育过程中起重要作用的信号转导通路和细胞因子。

The abnormality of corneal development leads to congenital corneal endothelial dystrophy, Peter abnormality,Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and squamous cell epithelioma of ocular surface etc.. The development of cornea experiences the different phases, such as induction, embryogenesis and maturation. In this procedure, cellular proliferation and differentiation are tightly regulated by signaling cascades. Some members of these signaling cascades have been identified in recent studies. By using embryo tissue and genetic manipulation techniques in the study of corneal development researchers reveal that a number of transcription factors such as Pax6, Kruppellike factor （KLF6）, transforming growth factor β（TGF-β） ,TGF-α are expressed, and they play major roles in different stages of cornea development. This review summarizes the recent researching progress in the study of transduction pathway and factors during the development of the cornea.