人体上呼吸道内气溶胶沉积的实验研究

Experimental Study of Aerosol Deposition in Human Upper Respiratory Tract

研究人体呼吸道内气溶胶沉积规律,对于认识有毒气溶胶对人体健康的影响和提高治疗药物气溶胶的治疗效果具有重要意义。采用激光快速成型技术制作人体上呼吸道的实验模型,在呼吸流量为30 L/min的状态下,分别对粒径为0.3和6.5μm的气溶胶在人体上呼吸道内的沉积进行实验研究,分析气溶胶在上呼吸道内的沉积规律。研究结果表明;气溶胶在咽、喉和气管位置存留较多;气溶胶粒径对其在上呼吸道内的沉积模式影响较小,两种粒径气溶胶的沉积模式很相似,仅对其在呼吸道内不同部位的沉积率影响较大;惯性碰撞和湍流扩散是气溶胶的主要沉积机制,气溶胶在人体呼吸道内不同部位的沉积率均随惯性参数值的增加而升高。

It is important to examine aerosol deposition in human upper respiratory tract for understanding the impact of toxic aerosol on human health and therapy effect of medicine aerosol. A replica of human upper respiratory tract for experiment was constructed using stereolithography （SL）. The test-bed for measuring aerosol deposition in upper respiratory tract was set up and the experiment for aerosol deposition was performed. The deposition efficiencies of different aerosol with aerosol diameter of d = 0. 3,6.5 ~m at breathing intensity of Q = 30 L/rain was measured. The results showed that the aerosol deposition efficiencies were high in pharynx, larynx and trachea. Aerosol diameter has little impact on aerosol deposition pattern with almost same aerosol deposition efficiencies at aerosol diameter of d = 0.3, 6.5 I.Lm while aerosol diameters influence aerosol deposition efficiencies in the human upper respiratory tract. Inertial impact and dispersion are main deposition mechanism of aerosol. The increases of inertial parameter improve aerosol deposition efficiencies.