积极情绪对人际信任影响的线索效应

The Influence of Positive Emotions on Interpersonal Trust: Clues Effects

运用书写任务与信息反馈方法诱发与信任不相关和相关情绪,采用信任投资任务和自我报告法研究了积极情绪对人际信任影响的受信者信息与情境线索的依赖性,即线索效应。结果发现:(1)在不相关情境和对受信者熟悉的条件下,三种情绪对人际信任的影响差异显著,积极情绪条件下的投资信任和直接报告的信任显著高于中性与消极情绪条件下;在不相关情境和在对受信者陌生条件下,积极情绪条件下的投资信任和直接报告的信任与中性和消极情绪条件下的投资信任和直接报告的信任差异不显著。(2)在相关情境和在对受信者熟悉条件下,三种情绪对人际信任的影响差异显著,积极情绪条件下的投资信任显著高于中性与消极情绪条件下;在相关情境和对受信者陌生条件下,三种情绪对人际信任的影响差异显著,积极情绪条件下的投资信任和直接报告的信任显著高于中性与消极情绪条件下,中性与消极情绪对人际信任的影响差异不显著。积极情绪对人际信任的影响存在受信者信息与情境线索的依赖性。

Although the existing studies have explored the effects of positive emotions on the interpersonal trust （Dunn ＆ Schweitzer, 2005; Lount, 2010）, the influence of positive emotions on the interpersonal trust that can be affected by the setting and characteristics of trustees calls for further studies. In this study, two experiments were conducted to compare different influences of positive emotions on interpersonal trust in related or unrelated settings. In the first experiment, a writing task was employed to induce 102 undergraduate subjects＇ emotions of happiness, anger and neutral condition in an unrelated setting, and a trust game and direct report method were used in the experiment to explore how positive emotions could influence interpersonal trust in unrelated settings. In the second experiment, information feedback method was employed to induce 71 undergraduate subjects＇ emotions of happiness, anger and neutral condition in related settings, and a trust game and direct report method were used in the experiment to explore how positive emotions could influence interpersonal trust in related settings. The results of the two experiments show that when individuals are acquainted with the trustees and are under the positive emotions in the unrelated setting, the amount of trust investment and trust of direct report under the positive emotions are significantly higher than that under the neutral and the negative emotions. When individuals are strangers to the trustees and are under the positive emotions in an unrelated setting, emotions do not influence trust. Secondly, incidental emotions can also greatly influence trust in related settings. When individuals are acquainted with the trustees and are under the positive emotions in related settings, the amount of trust investment is significantly higher than that under the n＇eutral and the negative emotions. And when the individuals are strangers to the trustees in related settings, the amount of trust investment and trust of direct report under the positive emotions are also significantly higher than that under the neutral and the negative emotions, and interpersonal trust is not significant when it is under the neutral and the negative emotions. As a result, the conclusion that the influence of positive emotions on interpersonal trust can be affected by setting and characteristics of trustees as clues effects may safely be drawn.